Bhutan installs fiber optic cable

Bhutan has developed a nationwide fiber optic network, connecting most districts and households, significantly enhancing digital connectivity and internet access.

Historical Deployment

Bhutan began deploying fiber optic cables in 2003 through a collaboration between Bhutan Telecom Limited (BTL) and Bhutan Power Corporation (BPC). The first system used Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) cables along power transmission lines between Thimphu and Phuentsholing, linking to India's fiber optic network for international connectivity . This initial deployment allowed BPC to receive maintenance and lease fees while providing BTL with access to the cables. To promote competition and affordability, the government later consolidated all fiber assets under the National Broadband Masterplan Implementation Project (NBMP), allocating fiber pairs to licensed operators without lease charges .

National Fiber Network

Under the NBMP, the Government Technology Agency (GovTech) owns the national fiber network and leases fibers to telecom operators and ISPs free of cost to ensure a level playing field . By 2023, 18 Dzongkhags were connected with OPGW cables, while the remaining two Dzongkhags and 201 Gewogs were connected with ADSS cables . The network also supports government offices, schools, and health units, with BPC responsible for operation and maintenance, ensuring 98% point-to-point availability .

Current Coverage and Impact

By 2026, Bhutan's fiber optic infrastructure covers approximately 78% of households, contributing to a 72% internet penetration rate . This expansion has facilitated digital services, e-commerce, remote work, and innovation, with the digital economy now accounting for nearly 24% of Bhutan's GDP . The network is mapped and maintained using GPS-based datasets, ensuring precise routing and operational efficiency .

Future Developments

Bhutan is also exploring hybrid connectivity models, including satellite services like Starlink, to complement fiber networks in hard-to-reach areas, further improving access and reducing latency . This approach aims to ensure nationwide connectivity, particularly in mountainous and remote regions.

Summary

Bhutan's fiber optic deployment has evolved from a limited co-deployment with power infrastructure to a comprehensive national network, providing high-speed internet to most households and supporting government, business, and educational services. The initiative has significantly boosted digital adoption, economic growth, and connectivity across the country .