Long-distance variants, typically referred to as LX, EX, ZX, or ER/LR SFPs, are engineered with higher optical power budgets and longer wavelength lasers (e., 1310nm, 1550nm), enabling transmission distances from 10 km up to 80 km or more over single-mode fiber (SMF). An SFP (Small Form-factor. In reality, SFP transmission distance is defined by optical design—not data rate. An SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) module transmits data over fiber using specific wavelengths and power levels, which directly influence how far the signal can travel before degradation occurs. The operating wavelength of multi-mode optical modules is usually 850nm, and 1310nm is also used in some cases. Single-mode optical modules use LD (Laser Diode) or LEDs with a narrow spectral line as the light. The OREI FM1GD-SM is a high-performance 1G SFP optical transceiver module designed for stable Gigabit Ethernet transmission over single-mode fiber. Built on the 1000BASE-EX optical standard, it supports long-distance fiber networking applications with reliable performance across enterprise, AV, and. This document outlines the specifications for a single-mode optical fiber and cable designed for use around the 1310 nm zero-dispersion wavelength, suitable for both the 1310 nm and 1550 nm regions, and compatible with analogue and digital transmission.